Results of two multi-chord stellar occultations by dwarf planet (1) Ceres

We report the results of two multi-chord stellar occultations by the dwarf planet (1) Ceres that were observed from Brazil on 2010 August 17, and from the USA on 2013 October 25. Four positive detections were obtained for the 2010 occultation, and nine for the 2013 occultation. Elliptical models were adjusted to the observed chords to obtain Ceres' size and shape. Two limb fitting solutions were studied for each event. The first one is a nominal solution with an indeterminate polar aspect angle. The second one was constrained by the pole coordinates as given by Drummond et al. Assuming a Maclaurin spheroid, we determine an equatorial diameter of 972 $\pm$ 6 km and an apparent oblateness of 0.08 $\pm$ 0.03 as our best solution. These results are compared to all available size and shape determinations for Ceres made so far, and shall be confirmed by the NASA's Dawn space mission.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154675/1/art41191.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154675/2/art41191_am.pd

The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns

A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo

Until now, rings have been detected in the Solar System exclusively around the four giant planets. Here we report the discovery of the rst minor-body ring system around the Centaur object (10199) Chariklo, a body with equivalent radius 124±9 km. A multi-chord stellar occultation revealed the presence of two dense rings around Chariklo, with widths of about 7 km and 3 km, optical depths 0.4 and 0.06, and orbital radii 391 and 405 km, respectively. The present orientation of the ring is consistent with an edge-on geometry in 2008, thus providing a simple explanation for the dimming of Chariklo's system between 1997 and 2008, and for the gradual disappearance of ice and other absorption features in its spectrum over the same period. This implies that the rings are partially composed of water ice. These rings may be the remnants of a debris disk, which were possibly con ned by embedded kilometre-sized satellites

Factors affecting voluntary HIV counselling and testing among men in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) is one of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes in Ethiopia. However, utilization of this service among adults is very low. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors associated with VCT utilization among adult men since men are less likely than women to be offered and accept routine HIV testing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study utilized data from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2005, which is a cross-sectional survey conducted on a nationally representative sample. Using cluster sampling, 6,778 men aged 15–59 years were selected from all the eleven administrative regions in Ethiopia. Logistic regression was used to analyze potential factors associated with VCT utilization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 21.9% of urban men and 2.6% of rural men had ever tested for HIV through VCT and most of them had learned their HIV test result. Having no stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS was found to be strongly and positively associated with VCT utilization in both urban and rural strata. In rural areas HIV test rates were higher among younger men (aged ≤44 years) and those of higher socio-economic position (SEP). Among urban men, risky sexual behaviour was positively associated with VCT utilization whereas being Muslim was found to be inversely associated with utilization of VCT. Area of residence as well as SEP strongly affected men’s level of stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>VCT utilization among men in Ethiopia was low and affected by HIV/AIDS-related stigma and residence. In order to increase VCT acceptability, HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in the country should focus on reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Targeting rural men with low SEP should be given first priority when designing, expanding, and implementing VCT services in the country.</p

The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.06048}{arXiv:1909.06048}]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns

A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo

Hitherto, rings have been found exclusively around the four giant planets in the Solar System. Rings are natural laboratories in which to study dynamical processes analogous to those that take place during the formation of planetary systems and galaxies. Their presence also tells us about the origin and evolution of the body they encircle. Here we report observations of a multichord stellar occultation that revealed the presence of a ring system around (10199) Chariklo, which is a Centaur-that is, one of a class of small objects orbiting primarily between Jupiter and Neptune-with an equivalent radius of 124â â 9â kilometres (ref. 2). There are two dense rings, with respective widths of about 7 and 3 kilometres, optical depths of 0.4 and 0.06, and orbital radii of 391 and 405 kilometres. The present orientation of the ring is consistent with an edge-on geometry in 2008, which provides a simple explanation for the dimming of the Chariklo system between 1997 and 2008, and for the gradual disappearance of ice and other absorption features in its spectrum over the same period. This implies that the rings are partly composed of water ice. They may be the remnants of a debris disk, possibly confined by embedded, kilometre-sized satellites. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.Fil: Braga Ribas, F.. Observatório Nacional; BrasilFil: Sicardy, B.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Ortiz, J.L.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Snodgrass, C.. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research; AlemaniaFil: Roques, F.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Vieira Martins, R.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Camargo, J.I.B.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Assafin, M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Duffard, R.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Jehin, E.. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Pollock, J.. Appalachian State University; Estados UnidosFil: Leiva, R.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Emilio, M.. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa; BrasilFil: MacHado, D.I.. Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Colazo, C.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Ministerio de Educación de la Provincia de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lellouch, E.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Skottfelt, J.. University of Copenhagen; Dinamarca. Geological Museum; DinamarcaFil: Gillon, M.. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Ligier, N.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Maquet, L.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Benedetti Rossi, G.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Gomes, A. Ramos. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Kervella, P.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Monteiro, H.. Instituto de Física e Química; BrasilFil: Sfair, R.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Moutamid, M. El. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Tancredi, G.. Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos; Uruguay. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Spagnotto, J.. Observatorio El Catalejo la Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Maury, A.. San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations; ChileFil: Morales, N.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico ; ArgentinaFil: Roland, S.. Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Ceretta, A.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Observatorio del IPA; UruguayFil: Gu, S.-H.. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Wang, X.-B.. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Harpsøe, K.. University of Copenhagen; Dinamarca. Geological Museum; DinamarcaFil: Rabus, M.. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Max Planck Institute for Astronomy; AlemaniaFil: Manfroid, J.. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Opitom, C.. Université de Liège; BélgicaFil: Vanzi, L.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Mehret, L.. Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa;Fil: Lorenzini, L.. Polo Astronômico Casimiro Montenegro Filho; BrasilFil: Schneiter, E.M.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Iate-conicet; ArgentinaFil: Melia, R.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lecacheux, J.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Colas, F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Vachier, F.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Widemann, T.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Almenares, L.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Observatorio Astronomico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Sandness, R.G.. San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations; ChileFil: Char, F.. Universidad de Antofagasta; ChileFil: Perez, V.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Observatorio Astronomico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Lemos, P.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Observatorio Astronomico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Martinez, N.. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Observatorio Astronomico Los Molinos; UruguayFil: Jørgensen, U.G.. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Dominik, M.. University of St. Andrews; Reino UnidoFil: Roig, F.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Reichart, D.E.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Lacluyze, A.P.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Haislip, J.B.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Ivarsen, K.M.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Moore, J.P.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Frank, N.R.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Lambas, Diego Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentin